{"id":11194,"date":"2026-09-07T15:00:24","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T15:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lovepaper.org\/je-to-konec-pfas-v-obalech\/"},"modified":"2026-09-07T15:02:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T15:02:50","slug":"je-to-konec-pfas-v-obalech","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lovepaper.org\/cs\/je-to-konec-pfas-v-obalech\/","title":{"rendered":"Je to konec PFAS v obalech?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e1m pojem PFAS nic ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jste se s nimi ji\u017e setkali. PFAS, co\u017e je zkratka pro per- a polyfluoroalkylov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed rozs\u00e1hlou skupinu chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k v\u00fdrob\u011b produkt\u016f odoln\u00fdch v\u016f\u010di vod\u011b, oleji a mastnot\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

D\u00edky t\u011bmto vlastnostem se osv\u011bd\u010dily zejm\u00e9na v oblasti balen\u00ed potravin, kde pom\u00e1haj\u00ed pap\u00edru a kartonu odol\u00e1vat mastn\u00fdm \u010di vlhk\u00fdm potravin\u00e1m. Probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee mnoho PFAS je v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b perzistentn\u00edch, co\u017e jim vyneslo p\u0159ezd\u00edvku \u201ev\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie\u201c. Nyn\u00ed nov\u00e1 omezen\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed budoucnost PFAS v obalov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, zat\u00edmco v\u011bdci a v\u00fdrobci hledaj\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak pap\u00edru zajistit stejn\u00e9 u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Pap\u00edr je p\u0159irozen\u011b sav\u00fd, co\u017e je obvykle jedna z jeho p\u0159ednost\u00ed, av\u0161ak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b balen\u00ed potravin se to m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t probl\u00e9mem. Pap\u00edrov\u00e1 krabi\u010dka na j\u00eddlo s sebou nebo obal na potraviny mus\u00ed udr\u017eet sv\u016fj obsah, ani\u017e by nas\u00e1kly olejem, tukem nebo vlhkost\u00ed. L\u00e1tky PFAS se historicky pou\u017e\u00edvaly k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed bari\u00e9ry mezi potravinami a pap\u00edrem, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e obaly z vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f odol\u00e1valy l\u00e1tk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 by do nich jinak pronikly. Jejich \u00fa\u010dinnost je jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se l\u00e1tky PFAS ji\u017e des\u00edtky let pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v pap\u00edrov\u00fdch a lepenkov\u00fdch obalech na potraviny.<\/p>\n\n

Ot\u00e1zkou je, costane se<\/em>k PFAS pot\u00e9, co splnily sv\u016fj \u00fa\u010del. Mnoh\u00e9 z nich jsou vysoce perzistentn\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed nerozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed snadno. N\u011bkter\u00e9 PFAS mohou tak\u00e9 z\u016fstat v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble, pokud jsou po\u017eity, a ur\u010dit\u00e9 l\u00e1tky z t\u00e9to skupiny byly spojov\u00e1ny se zdravotn\u00edmi riziky. PFAS tvo\u0159\u00ed rozs\u00e1hlou a rozmanitou skupinu, tak\u017ee se tyto chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky nechovaj\u00ed v\u0161echny stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Jejich perzistence a \u0161irok\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ak vedly regula\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny k tomu, aby se mnohem d\u016fkladn\u011bji zab\u00fdvaly t\u00edm, kde se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed a jak lze omezit expozici t\u011bmto l\u00e1tk\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n

Tato pozornost se nyn\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159ila i na obaly potravin v Evrop\u011b. Na12th<\/sup>srpna 2026<\/strong>, vstoupily v platnost nov\u00e9 po\u017eadavky vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie o obalech a odpadech z obal\u016f (PPWR), co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee obaly p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed do styku s potravinami uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 na trh EU mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat stanoven\u00e9 limity pro PFAS. Pravidla se vztahuj\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00e9 koncentrace PFAS, v\u010detn\u011b limit\u016f pro jednotliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky i pro celkov\u00fd obsah PFAS. Obaly, kter\u00e9 byly uvedeny na trh ji\u017e p\u0159ed 12.th<\/sup>z srpna mohou z\u016fstat v ob\u011bhu, av\u0161ak nov\u00e9 obaly ur\u010den\u00e9 pro styk s potravinami, kter\u00e9 budou uvedeny na trh EU po tomto datu, mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat dan\u00e9 po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\n\n

Tato pravidla EU jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho \u00fasil\u00ed o omezen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se st\u00e1le projedn\u00e1v\u00e1 samostatn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh, kter\u00fd se PFAS zab\u00fdv\u00e1 v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm kontextu.<\/p>\n\n

V \u00fanoru 2026 zve\u0159ejnila britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da svou prvn\u00edPl\u00e1n t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se PFAS<\/strong>,<\/strong>v n\u011bm\u017e uv\u00e1d\u00ed, jak hodl\u00e1 zjistit, odkud PFAS poch\u00e1zej\u00ed, jak se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a jak lze omezit dlouhodobou expozici t\u011bmto l\u00e1tk\u00e1m. Pl\u00e1n konkr\u00e9tn\u011b zahrnuje testov\u00e1n\u00ed obal\u016f na potraviny, jako jsou s\u00e1\u010dky na popcorn do mikrovlnn\u00e9 trouby a krabice na pizzu, s c\u00edlem zjistit, kde se PFAS vyskytuj\u00ed, a na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto poznatk\u016f napl\u00e1novat dal\u0161\u00ed kroky.<\/p>\n\n

Pro v\u00fdrobce obal\u016f lze tuto v\u00fdzvu popsat pom\u011brn\u011b jednodu\u0161e:Pokud ji\u017e nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 PFAS pou\u017e\u00edvat, \u010d\u00edm je lze nahradit?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 obaly bez PFAS<\/strong>nab\u00fdv\u00e1 na v\u00fdznamu. V\u011bdci zkoumaj\u00ed povlaky a \u00fapravy, kter\u00e9 mohou pap\u00edru zajistit odolnost proti mastnot\u011b a vlhkosti bez pou\u017eit\u00ed fluorovan\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b materi\u00e1ly odvozen\u00e9 ze \u0161krobu, celul\u00f3zy, b\u00edlkovin, chitosanu a algin\u00e1t\u016f, stejn\u011b jako dal\u0161\u00ed povlaky na biologick\u00e9 b\u00e1zi a bari\u00e9rov\u00e9 technologie.<\/p>\n\n

M\u00edsto toho, aby se samotn\u00fd pap\u00edr zm\u011bnil na materi\u00e1l odpuzuj\u00edc\u00ed olej a vodu, lze na jeho povrch nan\u00e9st velmi tenkou ochrannou vrstvu. \u00dakolem je zajistit, aby tato vrstva fungovala dostate\u010dn\u011b dob\u0159e pro praktick\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i balen\u00ed potravin, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 aby byl materi\u00e1l snadno vyrobiteln\u00fd a v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vhodn\u00fd k recyklaci nebo kompostov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

To, \u017ee v\u00fdrobek neobsahuje PFAS, je\u0161t\u011b automaticky neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je udr\u017eiteln\u00fd.<\/strong>Pouh\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada PFAS jin\u00fdm povlakem nezaru\u010duje, \u017ee obal bude m\u00edt men\u0161\u00ed dopad na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V\u00fdzkum alternativ k PFAS se proto nezab\u00fdv\u00e1 pouze t\u00edm, zda je materi\u00e1l schopen zabr\u00e1nit pronik\u00e1n\u00ed tuk\u016f. Zohled\u0148uje tak\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnost potravin, funk\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti, n\u00e1klady a recyklovatelnost.<\/p>\n\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto vzbuzuj\u00ed materi\u00e1ly na biologick\u00e9 b\u00e1zi tak velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem. Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum se zab\u00fdval polysacharidy, b\u00edlkovinami a vosky rostlinn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu jako mo\u017en\u00fdmi slo\u017ekamiudr\u017eiteln\u00e9 obaly na potraviny<\/strong>, spolu s materi\u00e1ly na b\u00e1zi celul\u00f3zy a dal\u0161\u00edmi obnoviteln\u00fdmi zdroji. Tyto p\u0159\u00edstupy by mohly umo\u017enit, aby si pap\u00edrov\u00e9 obaly zachovaly svou u\u017eite\u010dnou vl\u00e1knitou z\u00e1kladnu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u00edskaly bari\u00e9rov\u00e9 vlastnosti pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro modern\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed v potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee st\u00e1le existuj\u00ed v\u00fdzvy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00fdkonu, n\u00e1klad\u016f a v\u00fdroby t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/p>\n\n

Odklon od PFAS nen\u00ed jen o tom, naj\u00edt chemickou n\u00e1hradu. Jde o to, aby se p\u0159ehodnotilo, jakpap\u00edrov\u00e9 obaly na potraviny<\/strong>je prim\u00e1rn\u011b navr\u017een. Nam\u00edsto toho, aby se spol\u00e9hali na l\u00e1tky s vysokou st\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed vlastnosti pap\u00edru, se v\u00fdrobci a v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na to, jak mohou vl\u00e1kna, povrchov\u00e9 \u00fapravy a bari\u00e9rov\u00e9 technologie vz\u00e1jemn\u011b spolupracovat.<\/p>\n\n

Neexistuje ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by vyhovovalo v\u0161em typ\u016fm obal\u016f na potraviny. Pap\u00edrov\u00fd kel\u00edmek na k\u00e1vu, krabice na pizzu i obal na pe\u010divo mus\u00ed odol\u00e1vat r\u016fzn\u00fdm kombinac\u00edm tepla, vlhkosti a tuku. Rychl\u00fd rozvoj v\u0161akObaly bez PFAS<\/strong>nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se toto odv\u011btv\u00ed ji\u017e ub\u00edr\u00e1 sm\u011brem k \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1le alternativ.<\/p>\n\n

Nov\u00e1 pravidla EU p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd miln\u00edk v tomto p\u0159echodn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee omezen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se PFAS u obal\u016f p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch do styku s potravinami ji\u017e vstoupila v platnost, net\u00fdk\u00e1 se tlak na v\u00fdvoj \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch alternativ ji\u017e pouze p\u0159\u00edpravy na budouc\u00ed legislativu, ale p\u0159edstavuje bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdzvu v oblasti obal\u016f, kterou je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n\n

Zdroje<\/h3>\n\n

ECHA, Per- a polyfluoroalkylov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (PFAS)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

GOV.UK, Pl\u00e1n pro PFAS, 2026<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Evropsk\u00e1 unie, PPWR, 2025<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Mariana Lendewig, Ronald Marquez, Jorge Franco, Ramon E. Vera, Keren A. Vivas, Naycari Forfora, Richard A. Venditti, Ronalds Gonzalez, Sm\u011brem k v\u00fdrobk\u016fm na b\u00e1zi vl\u00e1ken bez PFAS: Reakce pr\u016fmyslu na p\u0159edpisy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pap\u00edrov\u00fdch obal\u016f, hygienick\u00fdch a textiln\u00edch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, 2025<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e1m pojem PFAS nic ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jste se s nimi ji\u017e setkali. PFAS, co\u017e je zkratka pro per- a polyfluoroalkylov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed rozs\u00e1hlou skupinu chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k v\u00fdrob\u011b produkt\u016f odoln\u00fdch v\u016f\u010di vod\u011b, oleji a mastnot\u011b. D\u00edky t\u011bmto vlastnostem se osv\u011bd\u010dily zejm\u00e9na v oblasti balen\u00ed potravin, kde pom\u00e1haj\u00ed pap\u00edru a kartonu odol\u00e1vat mastn\u00fdm […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11181,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1751],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-baleni"],"yoast_head":"\nJe to konec PFAS v obalech? - Love Paper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lovepaper.org\/cs\/je-to-konec-pfas-v-obalech\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Je to konec PFAS v obalech? - Love Paper\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e1m pojem PFAS nic ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jste se s nimi ji\u017e setkali. 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